Section I Use ofEnglish
Directions:
Read the followingtext. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A], B], C] or D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greekphilosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious tohealth." But -__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably haslittle influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes inthe function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumptionBut because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely tohave __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
__6__, instead ofstraining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930's indicate thatlaughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after thelaugh dies down.
Such bodilyreaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___feedback, that improve an individual's emotional state. __11____one classicaltheory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physicalreactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadnessalso ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscularresponses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strackof the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a peneither with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile - or with theirlips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercisetheir enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months werecontracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions ratherthan just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter couldimprove mood.
1.A]among B]exceptC]despite D]like
2.A]reflectB]demand C]indicate D]produce
3.A]stabilizingB]boosting C]impairing D]determining
4.A]transmitB]sustain C]evaluate D]observe
5.A]measurableB]manageable C]affordable D]renewable
6.A]In turn B]Infact C]In addition D]In brief
7.A]oppositeB]impossible C]average D]expected
8.A]hardensB]weakens C]tightens D]relaxes
9.A]aggravateB]generate C]moderate D]enhance
10.A]physicalB]mental C]subconscious D]internal
11.A]Except forB]According to C]Due to D]As for
12.A]with B]onC]in D]at
13.A]unlessB]until C]if D]because
14.A]exhaustsB]follows C]precedes D]suppresses
15.A]into B]fromC]towards D]beyond
16.A]fetch B]biteC]pick D]hold
17.A]disappointedB]excited C]joyful D]indifferent
18.A]adapted B]cateredC]turned D]reacted
19.A]suggestingB]requiring C]mentioning D]supposing
20.A]EventuallyB]Consequently C]Similarly D]Conversely
Section IIReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the followingfour texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A], B], C] or D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
The decision ofthe New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcementof his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable,to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, asober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasonswhy the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert'sappointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no airof the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next musicdirector of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like GustavMahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Timesreaders as faint praise.
For my part, Ihave no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To besure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it isnot necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hearinteresting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or bootup my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devotedconcertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performanceare missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-lovingpublic, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recordedperformances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Thererecordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher inartistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be"consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. Thewidespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis inthe institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possibleresponse is for classical performers to program attractive new music that isnot yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has beenwidely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a manwho is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different,more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of thatdifference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. IfGilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change therelationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops toattract.
21. We learn fromPara.1 that Gilbert's appointment has
A]incurredcriticism.
B]raisedsuspicion.
C]receivedacclaim.
D]arousedcuriosity.
22. Tommasiniregards Gilbert as an artist who is
A]influential.
B]modest.
C]respectable.
D]talented.
23. The authorbelieves that the devoted concertgoers
A]ignore theexpenses of live performances.
B]reject most kindsof recorded performances.
C]exaggerate thevariety of live performances.
D]overestimate thevalue of live performances.
24. According tothe text, which of the following is true of recordings?
A]They are ofteninferior to live concerts in quality.
B]They are easilyaccessible to the general public.
C]They helpimprove the quality of music.
D]They have onlycovered masterpieces.
25. RegardingGilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
A]doubtful.
B]enthusiastic.
C]confident.
D]puzzled.
Text2
When Liam McGeedeparted as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation wassurprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vagueexcuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal ofrunning a company." Broadcasting his ambition was "very much mydecision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first timewith the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.
McGee says leavingwithout a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company hewanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about hisaspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avonand American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEOpost. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholderpressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. Aturbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of lettingvague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signsof recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make thejump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a yearago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to LiberumResearch. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiringleaders.
The decision toquit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For yearsexecutives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractiveCEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partnerDennis Carey:"I can't think of a single search I've done where a board hasnot instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."
Those who jumpedwithout a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quitas chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was ayear before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finallytook that post at a major financial institution three years later.
Many recruiterssay the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis hasmade it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "Thetraditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's beenfundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've beenhurt the worst are those who've stayed too long."
26. When McGeeannounced his departure, his manner can best be described as being
A]arrogant.
B]frank.
C]self-centered.
D]impulsive.
27. According toParagraph 2, senior executives' quitting may be spurred by
A]theirexpectation of better financial status.
B]their need toreflect on their private life.
C]their strainedrelations with the boards.
D]their pursuit ofnew career goals.
28. The word"poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means
A]approved of.
B]attended to.
C]hunted for.
D]guarded against.
29. It can beinferred from the last paragraph that
A]top performersused to cling to their posts.
B]loyalty of topperformers is getting out-dated.
C]top performerscare more about reputations.
D]it's safer tostick to the traditional rules.
30. Which of thefollowing is the best title for the text?
A]CEOs: Where toGo?
B]CEOs: All theWay Up?
C]Top ManagersJump without a Net
D]The Only Way Outfor Top Performers
Text3
The rough guide tomarketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. Whiletraditional "paid" media - such as television commercials and printadvertisements - still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternativeforms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create"owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach thebroad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and ownedmedia are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earnedmedia , such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in somecases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media - for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such soldmedia as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations placetheir content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,whichwe believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travelproviders such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson& Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone mediaproperty that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besidesgenerating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seemobjective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information aboutthe appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic forall companies concerned.
The same dramatictechnological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumerswill voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damagingways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset orcampaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists whomake negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks,for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on thebusinesses that originally created them.
If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, puttingthe reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company'sresponse may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curvehas been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage fromits recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick andwell-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts toengage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-newssite Digg.
31.Consumers maycreate "earned" media when they are
A] obscssed withonline shopping at certain Web sites.
B] inspired byproduct-promoting e-mails sent to them.
C] eager to helptheir friends promote quality products.
D] enthusiasticabout recommending their favorite products.
32. According toParagraph 2,sold media feature
A] a safe businessenvironment.
B] randomcompetition.
C] strong usertraffic.
D] flexibility inorganization.
33. The authorindicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
A] invite constantconflicts with passionate consumers.
B] can be used to producenegative effects in marketing.
C] may beresponsible for fiercer competition.
D] deserve all thenegative comments about them.
34. Toyota Motor'sexperience is cited as an example of
A] respondingeffectively to hijacked media.
B] persuadingcustomers into boycotting products.
C] cooperatingwith supportive consumers.
D] takingadvantage of hijacked media.
35. Which of thefollowing is the text mainly about ?
A] Alternatives toconventional paid media.
B] Conflictbetween hijacked and earned media.
C] Dominance ofhijacked media.
D] Popularity ofowned media.
Text 4
It's no surprisethat Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "Ilove My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter - nothing getspeople talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than acompletely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding thatchildren make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need toredefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measuredby moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tensecondition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can besoul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in themoment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification anddelight."
The magazine covershowing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories aboutnewly adoptive - and newly single - mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual"Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news. Practically every week featuresat least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society thatso persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting youregret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ?It doesn't seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to theregrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if theyshouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with themessage that children are the single most important thing in the world:obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes intheir lives.
Of course, theimage of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People presentis hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers likeBullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happythan childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shockthere, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to leanon; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own"(read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It's hard toimagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reeseand Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby isnot a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every weekof stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actualexperience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting " the Rachel"might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
36.Jennifer Seniorsuggests in her article that raising a child can bring
Atemporary delight
B]enjoyment inprogress
C]happiness inretrospect
D]lasting reward
37.We learn from Paragraph2 that
A]celebrity momsare a permanent source for gossip.
B]single motherswith babies deserve greater attention.
C]news aboutpregnant celebrities is entertaining.
D]having childrenis highly valued by the public.
38.It is suggestedin Paragraph 3 that childless folks
A]are constantlyexposed to criticism.
B]are largelyignored by the media.
C]fail to fulfilltheir social responsibilities.
D]are less likelyto be satisfied with their life.
39.According toParagraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
A]soothing.
B]ambiguous.
C]compensatory.
D]misleading.
40.Which of thefollowing can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A]Having childrencontributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
B]Celebrity momshave influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
C]Having childrenintensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
D]We sometimesneglect the happiness from child rearing.
Part B
Directions:
The followingparagraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required toreorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-Gto filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctlyplaced. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
A] No disciplineshave seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Youcan, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctorin four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanitiesis nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in Englishdrop out before getting their degrees.
B] His concern ismainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. Theseare disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduatesnow major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English.However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have agrounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses.But most find it difficult to agree on what a "general education"should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, "the great books are readbecause they have been read"-they form a sort of social glue.
C] Equallyunsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which theyentered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly becauseuniversities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want tostudy humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degreesin 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewerteachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanitiesstudents leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.
D] One reason whyit is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across theinsistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations andprofessional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvardundergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyersmust study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on aprofessional qualification.
E] Besidesprofessionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universitieshave professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academicresearch has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took itstoll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into aprerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third ofAmerican professors did not possess one. But the key idea behindprofessionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that "the knowledge and skillsneeded for a particular specialization are transmissible but nottransferable."So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over theproduction of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers ofknowledge.
F] The key toreforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which"the producers of knowledge are produced."Otherwise, academics willcontinue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societieswhich they study, investigate and criticize."Academic inquiry, at least insome fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic."Yetquite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.
G] The subtle andintelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in theAmerican University should be read by every student thinking of applying totake a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For somethingcurious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, aprofessor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.
G → 41. →42. → E→43. →44. →45.
PartC
Directions:
Read the followingtext carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
With its themethat "Mind is the master weaver," creating our inner character andouter circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depthexploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46) Allen'scontribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are notrobots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think thatthoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way andact another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates asmuch action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain theillusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we arecontinually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this orachieve that? "
Since desire andwill are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Allen concluded : " We do not attract what we want, but what we are."Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement;you don't " get" success but become it. There is no gap between mindand matter.
\Part of the fameof Allen's book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make aperson, they reveal him." (48) This seems a justification for neglect ofthose in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority ofthose at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
This ,however,would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances,however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances alwaysdetermined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never haveprogressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the bestin us and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikelyto begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as anybiographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often thegreatest gift to an individual.
The soberingaspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame for our presentcondition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained inknowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the arrayof limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter toa friend of yours to
1) recommend oneof your favorite movies and
2) give reasonsfor your recommendation
Your should writeabout 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not sign yourown name at the end of the leter. User "LI MING" instead.
Do not writer theaddress.(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe thedrawing briefly,
2) explain it'sintended meaning, and
3) give yourcomments.
Your should writeneatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
客观题
Section IUse of English
CDBBA BADCA BCDCBDADAC
Section IIReading Comprehension
Part A
DBDBA BDCAC DCBAACCDDB
Part B
41.B 42.D 43.A44.C 45.F
翻译题：
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了发挥我们的优势，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们是受到一系列限制的专家，现在我们成了权威
作文
51.Directions:
Write a letter toa friend of yours to
1) recommend oneof your favorite movies and
2) give reasonsfor your recommendation.
You should writeabout 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign yourown name at the end of the letter. Use"Li Ming"instead.
Do not write theaddress.(10points)
小作文范文：
Dear friends:
I am writing,without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, If You Are The One,with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial toyour life。
For one thing,it's storyline is very tight and characters' language is classic andthought-provoking. For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicitin the scene will equip you with profound cultural background and, above all,enrich your daily life。
Would you like tosee this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your opinion aboutthe movie. I am looking forward to your early reply。
Yours,
Li Ming
52、Direction
Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should
1) describe thedrawing briefly
2) explain itsintended measing and
3) give yourcomments
You should writeneatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)
Our surroundingsare being polluted fast and man's present efforts cannot prevent it. Time isbringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, morecars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. The drawing setsus thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence。
Nowadays, thoughthe awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and morepeople, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Whydoes this phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First andforemost, to some people, the consciousness of protecting environment is stillnot so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to throw rubbish everywhere.In addition, the environmental management system isn't so satisfying. Forexample, in some places there're few regulations or the implementation isseldom performed actually。
From what has beendiscussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures. Inthe first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communitiesand schools so as to let people realize the importance of protectingenvironment. In the second, more rules should be made and carried out by thegovernment to restrain the conduction of destroying environment. People shouldwork together to create clean and beautiful surroundings。
