★人称代词表(pron.)
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主格
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宾格
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定格
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名词格
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自身格
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I我
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me我
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my我的
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mine我的
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myself我自己
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you你
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you你
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your你的
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yours你的
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yourself你自己
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he他
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him他
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his他的
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his他的
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himself他自己
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she她
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her她
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her她的
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hers她的
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erself她自己
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it它
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it它
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its它的
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its它的
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itself它自己
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we我们
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us我们
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our我们的
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ours我们的
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ourselves我们自己
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you你们
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you你们
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your你们的
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yours你们的
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yourselves你们自己
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they他们
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them他们
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their他们的
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theirs他们的
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themselves他们自己
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《典型例句》
<判>This is my book. =This book is mine. =<动>This book belongs to me. 这本书是我的.
<判>This is your book. =This book is yours. =<动>This book belongs to you. 这本书是你的.
<判>This is his book. =This book is his. =<动>This book belongs to him. 这本书是他的.
<判>These are our books. =These books are ours. =<动>These books belong to us. 这些书是我们的.
<判>These are your books. =These books are yours. =<动>These books belong to you. 这些书是你们的.
<判>These are their books. =These books are theirs. =<动>These books belong to them. 这些书是他们的.
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| 《典型例句》 |
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| <动/过>I bought the ice cream myself. |
我自己去买了冰淇淋。 |
| <动/过>He hurt himself by accident.[`эeksidэnt](意外) |
他不小心伤到了自己.*himself=宾语*考点:by. |
| <动/进>She is looking at herself in the mirror.[`mirэ] |
她看着镜子里的自己.*herself=宾语*考点:in. |
| <动/进>The dog is licking itself.*lick[lik]舔 |
那只狗自己舔自己。*itself=宾语 |
| <动/过>They themselves did it.=They did it themselves. |
他们自己做的。*考点记:themselves=同位语 |
| <动/过>I myself said so.=I said so myself. |
我自己这样说的。*考点记:myself=同位语 |
| <动/过>We ourselves made it. |
这是我们自己造的.*考点:ourselves=同位语 |
| <动/完>I have taught myself. |
我已经在自学。*myself=宾语 |
| <动/现>I live by myself. *by oneself独自地 |
我独自生活.*by oneself=without help |
| <动/将>Can you do it (all) by yourself？ |
你能自己独自做吗?*(all) by oneself独自地 |
| <动/过>Did you do it all by yourself？ |
你是自己独自做的吗?*考点:谓语do≠助动词do |
| <动/进>Why are you sitting here by yourself？ |
你为什么独自坐在这儿？ |
| <动/将>One often has to learn to do things by oneself. |
一个人必须学会自己做事.*2个实词中间用to. |
| <动/过>He bought it for himself. |
这是他给自己买的.*考点记:for. |
★场所代词表<他们又被称场所副词>
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自身方
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对方
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不定方
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here这里
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there那里
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where哪里
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| 《典型例句》 |
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| <描>It's warm in here. |
再这里很暖和.*考点记:介词+名/数/代=介宾结构,所以in后的here是代词. |
| <描>The station is very far from here. |
车站离这儿很远.*同上 |
| <动>I live near here. |
我住在这附近.*同上 |
| <判>Here's to Mary. |
为Mary干一杯！*考点记:here's to.../为...干1杯 |
| <判>Here's to all our health. |
为我们大家的健康干1杯！ |
| <动>Let's begin here and now. |
让我们立即开始吧！*考点记:here and now/立即；此时此地 |
| <动>Come over here. |
到我这边来.*考点记:over here/这边(反意over there/那边) |
| <判>Here's your watch. |
你的手表在这儿.*考点记:here引导时,请用倒装形式(主谓须换位) |
| =<判>Here it is. |
它在这儿.*考点:主语是代词she/he/it...时,here引导也不须倒装 |
| <判>Here you are. |
给你。*同上 |
| <判>Here I am.=Here.=I'm present. |
到!（点名时答)*同上 |
| <动>Look here！ |
喂,注意！(电话用语) |
| <判>Here's your keys. |
你的钥匙在这儿.*考点:here`s引导的倒装形式,后面还可跟复数 |
| <动>Here comes Mary. |
Mary来了.*考点:here引导的倒装形式=主谓须换位 |
| =<动>Here she comes. |
她来了.*考点:主语是代词she...时,here引导也不须倒装 |
| 《典型例句》 |
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<存>There's some children at the door. 在门口有几个孩子。
<存/综合>There goes the bell. 铃响了.*there引导时,用倒装=主谓换位
<判>There she is. 她在那儿.*代词=主语时,there引导也不须倒装
<存/过>There were boats here and there on the sea.在海上到处都有船只.*考点:here and there/到处
| 《典型例句》 |
| *考点记:here`s/there`s/where`s引导的倒装,后面还可跟复数 |
Where's those books I lent you? 我借给你的书在哪儿？
*考点:I lent you是修饰books的定语从句 |
*Where=代词(pron.)如 Where from? 打哪儿来?
*介词/动词+名/数/代=介宾结构 |
| Where to? 上哪儿去? |
| [中]You你 come来 from自 where哪? [英]Where do you come from? *介词/动词+名/数/代=介宾结构 |
| [中]You你 have刚 come来 from从 where哪儿? [英]Where have you come from? *have+Ved=完成时 |
| [中]You你 are正 going要 to去 where哪儿? [英]Where are you going to? *须明确小地点 |
| Where=副词(adv.)[中]You你are正going要去where哪儿?[英]Where are you going?*无明确地点 |
| *Where=名词(n.)*the+名词 如：The其wheres地点and和the其whens时间are是important重要的。 |
| *here[hiэ]这里 & hear[hiэ]听见=同音词；*here,there and everywhere 到处 |
| [谚语]Where哪里 there is有 smoke烟,(哪里)there/就 is有 fire火.无风不起浪 |
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自身方
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对方
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不定方
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this这个
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that那个
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which哪个
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these这些
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those那些
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which哪些
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典型例句
This=后者,that=前者
<描> Of the two possibilities,this is more likely than that.
两个可能性中,后者更可能,比起前者。
*possibility[¸p )sэ`biliti]可能性n.
This=以下,that=以上
<判>This is the news of the past twenty-four hours.
以下是过去24小时的消息。
比较<判>That is the end of the news.
新闻到此结束。
This and that=到处
<动>He went this place and that(place).
他到处奔走。*相同部分place可省略
all this=这究竟
<判>[中]All this is what?[英]What is all this?
这究竟是什么？
at this=一听这(话)
<描>At this,she got angry.
他一听这话就发起火来了。*get=be
This/ad.这么
<判>Is he always this funny?
他总是这么好笑吗？
The fish I caught was this big.
我捕到的那条鱼有这么大。
*考点:形容词前的有,用be动词.
This/a.这/今/本
<动/将>He will treat[tri:t] us to dinner this Friday?
他要请我们吃饭本周五。
that=那就是
<判/动>[中]That那就is是I我want想to要know知道what的.
[英]That is what I want to know.
<动/动>[中]That那就是you你made让I我do做which的，I我did做了。
[英]That which you made me do,I did.
<判/动>[中]that那is是who谁that他spoke发了言first首先?
[英]Who is that that spoke first?
after that=随后
<动>After that he left.随后他就离开了。
and all that=等等
<动>She shouted,jumped,kicked,and all that.她又喊,又跳,又踢.
and that=而且
<动>She她makes出mistakes错误 and that而且 very很 often经常.
她老出差错,不指一次了。
that=who <动/动>
The那man人that/who(此人)told告诉了you你that那件事is正lying在说着慌.
告诉你那件事的人是在说着慌呢。
*that/who引导的是限制性的定语从句。
that=which
<动/动>Don't别forget忘了to去water浇the那棵tree树 that/which(它)grows长near在附近the(的)gate大门处.
别忘了浇长在大门附近的那棵树。
*that/which引导的是限制性的定语从句。
★不定代词表 代词=名词（主语=名词；宾语=名词；定语=形容词；状语=副词；谓语=动词）
| 单方 |
双方 |
三方 |
不定方 |
| other |
each other/others |
one another |
none/many/much/all |
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the other
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both
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others/the others |
neither
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| other/each other/others/another/one/ another/either/neither/both/none/all/many/much |
不定代词every,no只作定语；every,some,any,no可与one,body,thing构成合成代词.
典型例句:
<判>This book is mine and the other is Tom's.
这本书是我的,另1本书是TOM的.
*考点:other=另一
<描>Be kind to others.对他人要善.
*考点记:to；others别的(泛指)
*动词原形引导的句子=祈使句(命令句).
<动>Two children went,but the others stayed.
两名孩子走了,但其他的都留下来了.
*记:the others=特指.
| 形容词(--的) |
固定搭配 |
固定搭 |
固定搭配 |
| other+n. |
some other day/改天=将来时 |
every other day/每隔一天 |
none other than/原来是 |
| some other+n. |
the other day/那天=过去时 |
other than与~不同/除~外 |
no other...than/除外~没 |
| any other+n. |
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not...other than/正是 |
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the other+n.
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典型例句
<描>He is taller than any other boy in his class.
他比班上任何一名男孩都高.
*记:比较级.
=<描>He is the tallest boy in his class.
他比班上任何一名男孩都高.
*记:最高级用法.
<动>I sleep in this room,and my brother sleeps in the other room.
我睡这个房间,弟弟睡别的房间。
<存>There are some other people waiting to see you.
还有另外的一些人等着要见你。
*考点:some+other.
<动>He lives on the other side of the street.
他住在街对面(马路的另一边).
*考点记:on；两个the.
<描>I'm busy now；<动>ask about it some other time.
我现在忙,你改个别的时间问吧！
<动>Ask some other people.问别的人吧！
<占>Have you any other questions？
你还有其它的问题吗？
<动>Come some other day.
改天来吧！
*考点记:some other day(单数)=前几天
<动>I sent her a letter the other day.
前几天我给她寄了一封信。
*考点记:the other day=前几天
<判>It was none other than Tom.
不是别人，正是TOM。
*考点记:none other than原来是/正是
<占>I have no other friend than you.
除了你我没有其它的朋友。
*考点记:no other...than/除外~没
<动>I do not wish him other than he is.
我就喜欢他现在这样.
*考点记:not...other than/就是/正是